The Effectiveness of Papaya Leaves and Chili Pepper (Capsium fructescens) as Bioinsecticide for White Oyster Mushroom (Pleuroutus ostreatus) Cultivation

محتوى المقالة الرئيسي

Margaretta Christita Margaretta
Ady Suryawan Suryawan

الملخص

This study purposes to compare the effectiveness of bio-insecticides made from papaya leaf extract, and chilli pepper in several different doses to reduce pest attack on white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Experiments conducted on oyster mushrooms that are fruitful with 3 formula are formula 1 (papaya and water), Formula 2 (papaya leaves, chili pepper, and water), and the formula 3 (chili pepper and water). Parameters observed were the fallen fruit, harvest weight, fruit diameter, the number of dead pests. The results concluded that the formula has a significant effect on all parameters. Formula 2 has the highest level of effectiveness of insecticides can reduce the fallen fruit to 84 %, have twice yields  and 1.3 times bigger diameter than  control crop yields. Formula 2 has the composition of papaya leaf extract and chili pepper (1:1:2)

تفاصيل المقالة

Margaretta , M. C., & Suryawan, A. S. (2018). The Effectiveness of Papaya Leaves and Chili Pepper (Capsium fructescens) as Bioinsecticide for White Oyster Mushroom (Pleuroutus ostreatus) Cultivation. Jurnal Wasian, 5(2), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.62142/486z7v56
Articles

Abbot, W. S. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18(2), 65–267.

Ariani, K. (2016). Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) sebagai Fungisida Alami Terhadap Jamur Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa pada Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum L.) Skripsi tidak diterbitkan. Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung.

Andreadis, S. S., Cloonan, K., Myrick, A. J., Chen, H., & Baker, T. (2015). Isolation of a female-emitted sex pheromone component of the fungus gnat, lycoriella ingenua, attractive to males. Journal of Chemistry Ecology, 41(12), 1127-1136.

Babar, M. H., Ashfaq, M., Afzal, M., Bashir, M. H. , & Ali, M. A. (2014). Efficacy of different insecticides against mushroom sciarid fly (Lycoriella auripila ) in Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 13(1), 50–55.

Careaga, M., Fernández, E., Dorantes, L., Jaramillo, M. E., & Sanchez, H. H. (2003). Antibacterial activity of capsicum extract against Salmonella typhimurium and pseudomonas aeruginosa inoculated in raw beef meat. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 83(3),7–9.

Cichewicz, R. H, & Thorpe, P. A. (1996). The antimicrobial properties of chile peppers (capsicum species) and their uses in Mayan medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 52(2), 61–70.

Christita, M., Suryawan, A., Irawan, A., Mokodompit, H. S., & Tabba, S. (2015). The suitability of agroforestry waste as cultivation media for white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). dalam Siregar, C. A., Pratiwi, Mindawati, N., Pari, G., Tata,H.L., Turjaman, M., Krisnawati, H., Setyawati,T., Krisdianto., Sakuntaladewi, N., Muttaqiem, Z., dan Balfas, J.(eds), International Conference of Indonesia Forestry Researchers III. (p. 671-679). Bogor: Research, Development and Innovation Agency Ministry of Environment and Forestry.

Dadang & Prijono, D. (2008). Insektisida Nabati: Prinsip, Pemanfaatan dan Pengembangan. Departemen Proteksi Tanaman. Fakultas Pertanian. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Erler, F. & Polat, E. (2008). Mushroom cultivation in Turkey as related to pest and pathogen management. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 56(4), 303–308.

Gudeva, K. L., Mitrev, S., Maksimova, V. & Spasov, D. (2013). Content of capsaicin extracted from hot pepper (Capsicum annuum ssp. microcarpum L.) and its use as an ecopesticide. Hemijska Industrija, 67(4), 671–675.

Gurnani, N., Gupa, M., Mehta, D. & Mehta, B. P. (2015). Chemical composition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of crude extractsfrom red chilli seeds (Capsicum frutescens L.). Journal of Taibah University for Science, 10(4), 462-470.

Hasnah & Rusdy, A. (2015). Pengaruh ekstrak buah cabe Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) terhadap perkembangan dan mortalitas kepik hijau. Jurnal Floratek, 10(2), 87 - 96.

Hermawan, E., Soetoro & Hardiyanto, T. (2017). Stretegi pemasaran jamur tiram (studi kasus pada perusahaan Margi Mulyo di Desa Adimulya, Kecamatan Wanareja, Kabupaten Cilacap). Jurnal Agroinfo Galuh, 4(3), 338-343.

Indiati, S. (2012). Pengaruh insektisida nabati dan kimia terhadap hama Thrips dan hasil Kacang Hijau. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 31(3), 152-157.

Indriati, G., Dadang & Prijonno, D. (2015). Aktivitas insektisida esktrak buah Cabai Jawa (Piper retrofractum) terhadap Helopeltis antonii (Hemiptera : Miridae). Jurnal Littri, 21(1), 33-40.

Jayakumar, T., Thomas, P. A., & Geraldin, P. (2009). Invitro antioxidant activities of an ethanolic extract of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 10(2), 228 - 234.

Jess, S & Schweizer, H. (2009). Biological control of Lycoriella ingenue (Diptera: Sciaridae) in commercial mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation: A comparison between Hypoaspis miles and Steinernema feltiae. Pest Management Science, 65(11), 1195–1200.

Julialy, N., Mukarlina, & Setyawati, T. R. (2013). Pengendalian hama pada tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.) menggunakan esktrak daun Pepaya (Carica papaya). Jurnal Protobion, 2(3), 171-175.

Kalsum, U., Fatimah, S. & Wasonowati, C. (2011). Efektivitas pemberian air leri terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil Jamur Tiram Putih. Jurnal Agrovigor, 4(2), 86 - 92.

Kurniawan, B., Rapina, R., Sukohar, A. & Nareswari, R. (2015). Effectiveness of the pepaya leaf (Carica papaya Linn) ethanol extract as larvacide for Aedes Aegypti Instar III. Jurnal Majority, 4(5), 76 - 84.

Kumawat, N., Shekhawat, P. S., Kumar, R., & Sanwal, R. C. (2014). Formulation of biopesticides for insect pest and diseases management in organic farming. Jurnal Popular Kheti, 2(2), 237-242.

Lee, B. J., Lee, M. A, Kim, Y. G., Lee. K.,, Lee, B., & Seo, G. (2015). Damage and developmental characteristicts of Fungus Gnats Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera : Sciaridae) in Button Mushroom cultivation. Journal of Mushroom, 13(2), 145-150.

Mondal, S. R., Rehana, M. J., Noman, M. S., & Adhikary, S. K. (2010). Comparative study on growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on different substrates. Jurnal Bangladesh Agricultur University, 8(2), 213–220.

Maulidina, R., Murdiono, W. E., & Nawawi, M. (2015). Pengaruh umur bibit dan komposisi media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 3(8), 649-657.

Nirosha, N, & Mangalanayaki, R. (2013). Antibacterial activity of leaves and stem extract of Carica papaya L . International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy Biology and Chemistry, 2(3), 473–76.

Ocloo, A., & Dayie, N. T. (2012). Phytochemical Characterization and Comparative Efficacies of Crude Extracts of Carica Papaya. International Journal of Drug Research and Technology, 2(5), 399–406.

Otsuki, N., Dang, N. H., Kumagai, E., Kondo, A., Iwata, S., & Morimoto, C., (2010). Aqueous extract of Carica papaya Leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127, 760–767

Öztruürk, N., Basim, E., & Mamay, M. (2017). Common mushroom pests in edible culture mushroom production areas and control. Journal Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(4), 507-523.

Purnamasari, A. (2013). Produktivitas Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) pada Media Tambahan Serabut Kelapa (Cocos nucifera). Skripsi tidak diterbitkan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta.

Rasman, Thaha, L., & Juhaerah. (2015). Ability of papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya) in controlling Aedes Aegypti mosquito (Experimental Study). International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research 24(3), 164–72.

Rostaman, Permana, A. G., Subahar, T. S., & Sastrodihardjo, S. (2007a). Biologi lalat Sciarid, Bradysia ocellaris (Diptera : Sciaridae) serangga hama pada ternaman jamur Tiram. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 13(2), 85-94.

Rostaman, Permana, A. G., Subahar, T. S., & Sastrodihardjo, S. (2007b). Analisis spasiotemporal populasi Lala Sciarid pada budidaya Jamur Tiram. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 13(1), 1-12.

Sanches, C. (2010). Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and other edible mushrooms. Microbiol Biotechnol, 85,1321–1337.

Singh, A.U & Sharma, K. (2016). Pests of mushroom. Advances in Crop Science and Technology, 4(2), 2–7.

Surya, E. & Zahara, R. (2016). Pengaruh ekstrak daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap mortalitas ulat daun (Plutella xylostella) pada tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.). Jurnal Edubio Tropika, 4(2), 5-10

Tami, A.E. (2016). Ekstraksi Oleoresin Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) dengan Metode Ekstraksi Soxhlet. Skripsi tidak diterbitkan, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang.

Tesfaw, A., A Tadesse, A., & Kiros, G. (2015). Optimization of oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) mushroom cultivation using locally available substrates and materials in Debre Berhan Ethiopia. Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, 3(1), 15-20.

Ujjan, A. A., Khanzada, M., & Shahzad, S. (2014). Insecticide and papaya leaf extract toxicity to mustard aphid ( Lipaphis erysimi Kal). Journal of Agri-Food and Applied Sciences, 2(2),45–48.

Wahyuni, D. 2015. New Bioinsecticide Granules Toxin from Extract of Papaya (Carica papaya) Seed and Leaf Modified Against Aedes aegypti Larvae. dalam Hady, H., Susanto, H., dan Radjasa, O.K.(eds). International Conference on Tropical and Coastal Region Eco-Development 2014. (p323–328). Elsevier.

Wakano, D. (2013). Uji esktrak buah cabai rawit sebagai pestisida nabati untuk mengendalikan hama ulat titik tumbuh pada tanaman sawi. Jurnal Biology Science and Education, 2(1), 57-62.

Yuniar, N., Majid, R., Ode, L., Zety, M., & Wildan, E. (2017). Larvacidal effect of papaya leaf extracts ( Carica papaya l .) toward the larvae of Anopheles aconitus donits mosquitoes as an effort to prevent malaria disease in Rural Areas of Southern Konawe. Dalam Rahardjo, T. B., Hiratno, Y., Eto, H., Y. Aungsuroeh, Y., & Ayudhya, C. (Eds.), International Seminar on Global Health (ISGH) (p. 290–300). Cimahi: Stikes Jenderal Achmad Yani Cimahi.

Zulfahmi, M. (2011). Analisis Biaya dan Pendapatan Usaha Jamur Tiram Putih Model Pusat Pelatihan Pertanian Perdesaan Swadaya (P4S) Nusa Indah. Skripsi tidak diterbitkan, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta.