Jurnal Wasian is a biannual international peer-reviewed journal publishing original research in conservation, forestry, and land transformations. The journal is published twice a year (June and December) and provides full open access to all published content, with no article processing charges (APCs). All submissions undergo a double-blind peer-review process in accordance with international publication standards. READ MORE E-ISSN 2502-5198 and P-ISSN 2355-9969
Forestry Department, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar
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Gender Roles in Coffee Agroforestry Management: A Case Study of the Boritallasa Community Forestry Area, Gowa Regency, Indonesia
Agroforestry has been widely recognized as a sustainable land-use system that integrates economic, ecological, and social functions. However, the effectiveness of agroforestry management is influenced not only by biophysical and economic factors but also by gender dynamics that shape labor division, participation, and decision-making within households. This study aimed to analyze gender roles in coffee agroforestry management in the Boritallasa Community Forestry Area (Hutan Kemasyarakatan/HKm Boritallasa), Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A case study approach combining descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods was employed. Data were collected from 20 respondents through structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and field observations. Gender roles were analyzed using the Moser Gender Analysis Framework, which classifies activities into productive, reproductive, and community roles, while participation patterns were examined through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results revealed distinct gender-based patterns in coffee agroforestry management. Men were more actively involved in land preparation, planting, and crop maintenance activities, whereas women showed higher participation in harvesting and post-harvest handling. Reproductive activities, including cooking, house cleaning, laundry, and household financial management, were predominantly carried out by women, indicating the persistence of gendered domestic responsibilities. In community-related activities, men participated more frequently in farmer group meetings and collective activities, while women demonstrated increasing involvement in extension and training programs. Decision-making patterns varied according to the type of activity, with men exerting greater influence over technical farming decisions, whereas decisions related to marketing and income utilization were more commonly made jointly by household members. These findings suggest that coffee agroforestry management in the Boritallasa Community Forestry Area is characterized by a complementary division of labor and increasing collaboration in household decision-making. Understanding these gender dynamics is important for designing more inclusive agroforestry and social forestry interventions that recognize the contributions of both women and men and support equitable participation in sustainable resource management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Wasian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Spatiotemporal Land Cover Dynamics and Their Implications For Watershed Quality in the Minraleng Sub-Watershed, Indonesia
Land use change is a key indicator of environmental dynamics in watershed ecosystems, particularly in areas experiencing increasing land use changed. This study aims to analyze spatiotemporal land use changes and assess watershed quality based on permanentvegetation cover in the Minraleng Sub-Watershed, Indonesia. Sentinel-2 Level-2A satellite imagery from 2017, 2020, and 2023 was processed and analyzed using a GIS-based overlay approach. Image preprocessing included radiometric correction, band combination, clipping, and on-screen digitization, followed by ground validation using GPS. Classification accuracy was evaluated using confusion matrix and kappa statistics. The results indicate that the Minraleng Sub-Watershed is predominantly covered by primary dryland forest. Forest cover declined by 0.95% between 2017 and 2020 but slightly increased by 0.16% from 2020 to 2023. Watershed quality based on Permanent Vegetation Cover (PVC) remained in the good category, with values of 61% in 2017, 60% in 2020, and 61% in 2023. Classification accuracy was high, with kappa values ranging from 92.25% to 96.43%. These findings provide important insights for sustainable watershed management and strategies to mitigate land degradation risks. Despite the fact that PVC is still classified as being in a good category, the continuous decline in forest cover indicates a growing threat to watershed sustainability, especially in terms of maintaining hydrological functions, regulating streamflow, and preserving the ecological integrity of the watershed.
Impact of Land Use Change on Water Yield Using the SWAT Model in the Minraleng Sub-Watershed, Maros
One of the factors that influence the hydrological dynamics of a watershed is land use change, especially those related to water yield and river flow stability. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of land use changes during the period 2018–2023 on water production and the River Regime Coefficient (RRC) in the Minraleng Sub-Watershed, Upper Walanae Watershed. Land cover change analysis was conducted using Sentinel-2 images from 2018 and 2023, while hydrological response was analyzed using the standard Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with inputs of climate, soil, topography, and land use data. Research results show that during the period 2018–2023, there was a decrease in mixed dryland agriculture, followed by an increase in secondary dryland forests and rice fields. SWAT simulations show that an increase in annual rainfall is followed by an increase in surface runoff, average discharge, and maximum discharge, while minimum discharge experiences a significant decrease. The condition of the watershed indicates that the ability to maintain base flow during the dry season has decreased. The value of the River Regime Coefficient (RRC) increased as a result of greater surface runoff, indicating an increase in river discharge variation between the rainy and dry seasons. The validation results based on community interviews show that the simulation model results are aligned. The hydrological stability of the Minraleng Sub-Watershed tends to decrease due to land-use changes and increased rainfall.
Unequal Value Capture in Non-TimberForest Product Chains with Evidence fromPine Resin Processing in Rural Indonesia
This study examines unequal value capture within the pine resin value chain as a locally important non-timber forest product (NTFP) in rural Indonesia (Sasaka Village, West Sulawesi Province). Using a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected through field observations, interviews, and a census of 33 active resin tappers, complemented by information from intermediaries and processing industries. The analysis identifies three main marketing channels involving farmers, intermediaries, and a processing industry that transforms raw resin into higher-value products, namely rosin (gondorukem) and turpentine. Results show that both marketing and profit margins are highly uneven across the value chain. While farmers receive a stable price of IDR 10,000/kg, the processing industry captures the largest share of value, with margins reaching IDR 13,000/kg for rosin and IDR 63,000/kg for turpentine. Profit margins are similarly concentrated at the industrial level, particularly for turpentine (IDR 60,288/kg), reflecting economies of scale, processing capacity, and access to export markets. These findings demonstrate clear unequal value capture within the pine resin value chain, where upstream actors receive a relatively small share of the total economic benefits despite their critical role in production. This pattern indicates structural inefficiencies and imbalances in the marketing system. Strengthening farmer bargaining power, improving access to processing technologies, and promoting more equitable market linkages are essential to enhance inclusiveness and ensure the long-term sustainability of NTFP-based livelihoods.
Species Diversity of Trees in Sungai BuluhPeat Forest Reserve, Mendahara UluDistrict, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency
Peat swamp forests are ecologically important ecosystems that regulate hydrology, store carbon, and support high biodiversity. The Sungai Buluh Peat Forest Reserve in Mendahara Ulu District, Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi Province, Indonesia, represents a relatively undisturbed tropical peat swamp forest with high potential for tree species diversity. This study assessed tree species composition, diversity, and community structure in the Sinar Wajo and Sungai Beras Village Forests to support ecological monitoring and guide sustainable forest. Species dominance was analyzed using the Importance Value Index (IVI), while community structure was evaluated using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′), Pielou’s evenness (E), Margalef’s richness (Dmg), and community similarity (IS). A total of 45 species from 22 families were recorded in Sinar Wajo Village Forest, while 36 species from 21 families were documented in Sungai Beras Village Forest. Diversity and richness were higher in Sinar Wajo village forest, while both sites exhibited high evenness and low dominance, indicating stable and heterogeneous communities. Community similarity between the two forests was high, suggesting comparable ecological and environmental conditions. These results provide a comprehensive overview of tree species composition and community structure in the Sungai Buluh Peat Forest Reserve. The study emphasizes the importance of baseline ecological data to guide sustainable forest management and conservation, supporting biodiversity preservation and maintaining ecosystem functions in tropical peat swamp forests.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Wasian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Synergy of Ecotourism Strategy, Conservation Awareness, and Social Participation in Supporting Forest Conservation and Ecological Stability
The Battang forest area in Palopo City faces ecological sustainability challenges due to pressure from human activities and low conservation awareness. Therefore, an integrated management approach combining ecotourism strategies, conservation awareness, and social participation is required to support forest conservation and ecological stability. This study aims to analyze the integrated role of ecotourism strategies, conservation awareness, and social participation in supporting forest conservation and ecological stability in the Battang area. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method of 280 respondents consisting of members of forest farmer groups, local tourism actors, traditional leaders, and communities around the forest area. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships among variables. The results showed that conservation awareness (p = 0.000) and social participation (p = 0.000) significantly influenced forest conservation, while ecotourism strategies did not significantly influence (p = 0.193). However, all three independent variables significantly influenced ecological stability, with social participation as the most dominant factor (p = 0.000). The R² values of 0.779 for forest conservation and 0.810 for ecological stability indicate strong model predictive power. The findings indicate that conservation awareness and community participation are key drivers of forest conservation and ecological stability. Furthermore, the effectiveness of ecotourism initiatives depends strongly on social support and the presence of conservation-oriented values that encourage sustainable and non-exploitative resource use.
Individual Tree Segmentation in TropicalNatural Forest Based on Point CloudGenerated from UAV RGB Image
Different techniques have been developed for segmenting individual trees using point clouds from UAVs and other remote sensing technologies. A more accurate and reasonably priced method is still required, nevertheless, especially for tropical natural forests. This study evaluates the accuracy of individual tree segmentation using point clouds derived from RGB images in Indonesian natural forests. Compared to other sensors like LiDAR, RGB-based point clouds are significantly more cost-effective. We employed a point cloud-based segmentation algorithm, which has demonstrated superior performance over raster-based or hybrid methods. The results show that this approach is feasible for segmenting individual trees, although it tends to produce over-segmentation. This was attributed to the constraints of incomplete ground measurements resulting from dense canopy cover. The method achieved an overall segmentation accuracy of r (0.68), p (0.76), and F (0.72). Tree position accuracy had an RMSE of 1.95 meters, while the RMSE for crown radius was 1.59 meters. Future work will focus on enhancing the quality of RGB point clouds and improving algorithms to increase segmentation accuracy in natural forests.
Revealing Carbon Patterns Across Mangrove Density Variations Using Sentinel-2 NDVI
Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of coastal ecosystems and mitigating climate change due to their ability to absorb and store carbon. This study aims to estimate carbon stocks across different mangrove density levels on Bangko-bangkoang Island, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The methods employed include Sentinel-2 imagery analysis using the Google Earth Engine platform to identify vegetation density based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and estimate carbon stocks using an allometric model and field data. The Sentinel-2 image analysis revealed that the mangrove vegetation cover on Bangko-bangkoang Island spans 16.04 ha. NDVI results show that mangroves in the low-density class cover 8.97 ha (56%), the medium-density class covers 3.71 ha (23%), and the high-density class covers 3.34 ha (21%). Field surveys confirmed the presence of three mangrove species on the island: Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia alba. Regression analysis conducted to assess the relationship between NDVI values and carbon stocks revealed the best model as an exponential function with the equation y = 0.0043e(11.726x), yielding a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.683. The average carbon stock for the low-density class is 22.35 tons C/ha, for medium density is 67.1 tons C/ha, and for high density is 111.85 tons C/ha. These findings emphasize the important role of mangroves in climate change mitigation and provide scientific evidence for mangrove conservation efforts, particularly in enhancing vegetation density to optimize carbon storage.
Community-based Strategies for Optimising Mangrove Forest Tourism Management in Balang Baru Village, Jeneponto Regency
Although SWOT analysis has been widely used for tourism and conservation planning, its application here highlights the institutional and social dynamics shaping mangrove ecotourism in a rural Indonesian context. The study reframes SWOT not merely as a planning tool but as a policy instrument to show how local collaboration, governance capacity and ecological rehabilitation can be aligned to sustain mangrove-based livelihoods. Grounded in the context of Balang Baru Village, where mangrove resources managed as a tourism area face increasing pressure from population growth and economic needs, this study aims to optimise the utilisation of the mangrove forest tourism area through the formulation of effective management strategies. Primary data were obtained from interviews with 15 respondents, including local residents, village government representatives, and members of the mangrove management group. The results identified ten strategic actions to strengthen mangrove tourism management, including the use of non-tourism zones for rehabilitation, the development of mangrove education parks, the establishment of an official tourism website, the improvement of facilities and infrastructure, and the enhancement of stakeholder collaboration. These strategies are expected to support sustainable mangrove management while improving community welfare through ecotourism development.
When Strong Institutions Meet Weak Economies: Lessons from Ecotourism Sustainability in Lombuyan Wildlife Sanctuary, Central Sulawesi
Ecotourism in conservation areas has significant potential to enhance local livelihoods while supporting ecosystem protection. Sustainability, however, strongly depends on institutional capacity. This study assesses the sustainability status of ecotourism in the Lombuyan Wildlife Sanctuary (KSM Lombuyan), Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi, by integrating ecological, economic, social, and institutional dimensions using the Rap_Ecotourism method, a multidisciplinary rapid appraisal adapted from the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach. Data were collected from October to December 2024 through interviews, ground checks, observations and documentation. The analysis results indicate that the overall sustainability index of the Lombuyan ecotourism area is 63.89%, classified as moderately sustainable. Among the four dimensions: the institutional dimension achieved the highest index (82.37%), followed by the social dimension (80.09%), while the ecological (55.18%) and economic (33.13%) dimensions were relatively lower. The results highlight that the traditional institution Pololuanto Lombuyan plays a crucial role in maintaining governance, enforcing local rules and facilitating collaboration between the community and the Central Sulawesi Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA). This strong institutional framework compensates for economic limitations and supports ecological rehabilitation, particularly through community-led land restoration and monitoring. Our findings reveal that the sustainability of the Lombuyan ecotourism area is strongly influenced by resilience of local institutions and community participation. Strengthening these governance mechanisms offers a viable pathway for improving the long-term sustainability of ecotourism in conservation landscapes.
Understanding Traditional Walnut Management System in Forest Communities of Selayar Islands, Indonesia
This study examines traditional walnut management systems in Onto Village, Selayar Islands, Indonesia, using a Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) framework to understand how forest communities have developed and maintained sustainable resource management practices through generations. Through purposive sampling, 24 walnut farmers were interviewed to document indigenous management practices and utilization patterns associated with heritage trees averaging 40-50 years old. The research reveals a comprehensive five-stage management system—planting, harvesting, drying, peeling, and marketing—developed through accumulated traditional knowledge and continuously refined through practical application. Communities demonstrate sophisticated multi-functional utilization strategies that maximise resource efficiency: kernels serve as food and spices, timber provides construction materials, and shells become fuel for charcoal production. However, significant constraints limit the full potential of this traditional system, including reliance on conventional drying methods, limited processing technology, exclusive marketing of raw products, and absence of systematic replanting programmes, despite favourable market prices (IDR 60,000-100,000/kg). The study demonstrates how traditional ecological knowledge enables sustainable forest resource management whilst providing stable community livelihoods. The documented practices reflect generations of adaptive learning and environmental understanding that maintain both economic benefits and ecological integrity. However, finding highlights the complexities that arise between traditional knowledge and market pressures could emphasizing the importance of developing initiatives that honor traditional practices while also fostering positive economic outcomes. These insights unique contribute to understanding how traditional knowledge can inform sustainable forest management policies and support culturally appropriate development approaches in forest-dependent communities.
Will Indonesia's Forests Survive Development Pressure? Machine Learning Predictions for Energy-Critical Tropical Watersheds
Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes play an important role in influencing the hydrological conditions of a watershed. The conversion of land such as forests, shrubs and grasslands into agricultural land can disrupt the hydrological balance of the watershed. The availability of information related to LULC dynamics in the future is needed to assist sustainable watershed management planning. Machine learning technology, such as Cellular Automata, can provide accurate predicting. The objective of this research is to simulate LULC based on machine learning in the Mamasa Sub-watershed. Two model combinations were employed to simulate LULC: Artificial Neural Network-Cellular Automata (ANN-CA) and Logistic Regression-Cellular Automata (LR-CA). The research results found that the ANN-CA model achieved percent of correctness and overall kappa of 83.6745 and 0.75412, respectively, which were higher than those of the LR-CA model (82.3498 and 0.73361). The prediction results of both model combinations still fall below the actual LULC values, especially in the case of large LULC classes such as forests, range-shrub, rice, and pasture. Conversely, higher accuracy is observed for smaller classes such as wetlands-forested, orchard, residential, and oak. However, it should be noted that this research did not include several socio-economic variables, such as population and income level, which are considered to influence changes in LULC. Future research is expected to analyse the influence of each variable and include some socio-economic variables that may have a significant influence on LULC change.
Insectivorous Birds Dominate Across Land-Use Gradient Revealing Unexpected Ecological Resilience in Tropical Forest-Coffee Landscapes
Vegetation is essential for birds to fulfil their life requirements. Monoculture coffee plantations, coffee-based agroforestry systems, and forests in HKm Wana Jaya provide potential habitats for various animal species, including birds. This research assessed bird diversity, richness, evenness, species dominance, feeding guilds, and conservation status across these three land cover types. The point count method was employed for data collection. Data were quantitatively analysed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the Margalef richness index, the Pielou evenness index, and the Simpson dominance index. The study recorded 35 bird species from 19 families comprising 167 individuals. Species diversity values across all three land cover types fell within the moderate category, with forest exhibiting the highest value (2.988), followed by coffee agroforestry (2.648) and monoculture coffee (2.035). The highest species richness was found in the forest (5.429) and the lowest in monoculture coffee (2.970). The highest species evenness was recorded in coffee agroforestry (0.935) and the lowest in monoculture coffee (0.849), while species dominance values across all three land cover types were categorised as low (0.061-0.172). Insectivorous birds dominated feeding guilds across all habitat types, revealing unexpected ecological resilience. Of the species recorded, 29 are classified as Least Concern, two as Vulnerable, four as Near Threatened, while 10 species are protected under national legislation, and three species are listed in CITES Appendix II. The findings suggest that while forests maintain the highest biodiversity value, coffee agroforestry systems can provide crucial supplementary bird conservation habitats in modified landscapes.
Assessment and Spatial Mapping of Soil Degradation Status in Bontoharu District, Selayar Islands Regency: A Framework for Sustainable Land Management
This research conducts a comprehensive spatial assessment of the soil degradation status in the Bontoharu District, Selayar Islands Regency, to facilitate evidence-based sustainable land management strategies. By employing an integrated methodological framework that combines GIS-based spatial analysis, field surveys, and laboratory testing, the study evaluates various parameters, including physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Key environmental factors examined include rainfall patterns, topography, soil typology, and land use practices. Primary data obtained from field sampling was supplemented with secondary data sources, including CHIRPS rainfall data (2014-2023), digital elevation models, and official land use classifications. The findings indicate that while 81.78% of the study area demonstrates low degradation levels, approximately 18.22% encounters significant soil degradation challenges, with 7.85% classified as very critical. The spatial distribution analysis revealed that surface rock fragments, shallow solum depth, and unfavourable soil physical properties are the predominant limiting factors. The areas most vulnerable to degradation correlate with steep slopes (greater than 45%) and intensive agricultural activities. The study outlines spatially explicit recommendations for targeted conservation interventions, including reforestation in critical areas (1,288.42 hectares), community forest development (1,018.54 hectares), organic matter amendments, and enhancement of land use practices. This research highlights the importance of integrated spatial assessments in formulating location-specific conservation strategies and provides a methodological framework that is applicable to similar island ecosystems facing soil degradation challenges.
Responses of Stomatal Characteristics to Environmental Factors in Fabaceae Trees of the Urban Forest in Maros Regency
The response of plants to environmental conditions is reflected in their stomatal characteristics, including stomatal type, number, and density. This novel research examines the influence of environmental factors on the stomatal characteristics of Fabaceae tree leaves in the Urban Forest of Maros Regency. The study explores the relationship between stomatal traits and environmental variables such as light intensity and air humidity. Data analysis employed Pearson correlation to assess how these variables affect stomatal number and density. The results reveal variations in stomatal types among Fabaceae species: Acacia exhibits diacytic stomata, Dadap Merah (Erythrina crista-galli L) has paracytic stomata, Trembesi shows normocytic stomata, and Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L) displays cyclocytic stomata. The study also finds that stomatal number and density are higher in the eastern region compared to the western region. Sengon exhibits the highest stomatal number and density among the species studied, whereas Dadap Merah has the lowest. Correlation analysis indicates that only the External Light Intensity of the Stand (ELIS) significantly affects stomatal number and density at the 0.05 (5%) level. Air humidity does not show a significant impact. These findings highlight the role of light intensity in shaping stomatal characteristics in Fabaceae trees within urban forests, contributing to a deeper understanding of plant-environment interactions and their ecological implications.
Assessing Agroforestry Impact on Household Income: A Study of the Bu’u Bei Community Forest (HKm) in Tina Bani Village, Ende, Indonesia
Agroforestry systems play a critical role in supporting livelihoods across East Nusa Tenggara, including in the Bu'u Bei Community Forest (HKm) in Tina Bani Village, Ende District, Ende Regency, Indonesia. This study investigates agroforestry patterns and evaluates their contribution to household income among the 47 HKm member households, surveyed through a census in April and May 2024. Employing both descriptive and quantitative analyses, our research reveals that the agrisilviculture system, characterised by a random mixed planting pattern, dominates agroforestry practices in the village. Path dependency, rooted in long-standing traditions, significantly shapes these practices. Agroforestry contributed significantly to household income in 2023, accounting for 98.87% of total income. However, poor infrastructure, particularly damaged roads, limits market access and reduces the economic potential of these systems. The study emphasises the need for integrated land management approaches that address infrastructure deficits while strengthening the resilience of agroforestry systems. This research provides critical insights into the socio-economic and environmental roles of agroforestry, offering a valuable reference for policymakers and stakeholders committed to promoting sustainable forest management and rural development in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Wasian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimising Growing Media Composition and Seed Selection Strategies For the Conversation of the Endangered Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.)
Overexploitation and insufficient conservation efforts have classified Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.), an economically and ecologically significant species, as endangered. This study investigates the effects of seed size and growing media composition on the germination performance and growth of sandalwood seedlings, aiming to optimise seed selection and media composition strategies for its conservation. We employed a completely randomised design (CRD) experiment, which included three seed size categories (small, medium, and control) and three media compositions: soil and sand alone, soil and sand with chicken manure, and soil and sand with cow manure. Results revealed that the combination of medium-sized seeds and chicken manure (A2B1) yielded the highest fresh weight (0.31 g), while small seeds combined with chicken manure (A1B1) achieved the highest germination speed index (0.63%/day), germination value (0.07%/day), and dry weight (0.07 g). We identified chicken manure as the most effective organic amendment, enhancing soil structure, microbial activity, and nutrient availability. In contrast, cow manure exhibited slower nutrient release, and soil and sand alone hindered root development due to compact soil properties. These findings underscore the importance of nutrient-rich organic amendments and optimal seed selection in enhancing sandalwood germination and growth. This study provides actionable insights for sustainable sandalwood cultivation and conservation efforts. Further research should focus on field trials under variable environmental conditions to validate these strategies on a larger scale.
Analysis of the Success and Vigour of Cashew Seedlings Through Direct Seed Planting (Anacardium occidentale L.) for Sustainable Land Management
This study investigates the success and vigour of cashew seedlings (Anacardium occidentale L.) through direct seed planting, focusing on its potential to support sustainable land management practices. Using a completely randomised design (CRD), the study applied three treatments: seed coat incision (treatment A), seed coat division (treatment B), and no seed coat treatment (treatment C, control), with each treatment repeated three times, involving 270 seeds in total. The results indicate that the control treatment (C), where seeds were planted intact, led to the highest germination success (97.76%), surpassing the other treatments. This method also resulted in better seedling growth, with superior increases in stem diameter (9.83 cm) and leaf production (3.36 leaves). Additionally, seedlings from the control treatment showed enhanced vigour, with an average height increase of 9.83 cm, indicating the benefits of planting seeds in their natural condition. These findings highlight the importance of direct seed planting in maintaining ecological balance and promoting sustainable agriculture practices. The intact-seed approach is recommended for future cashew planting, as it improves seedling growth, contributes to forest conservation, and reduces vulnerability to pest attacks. Thus, it supports long-term ecological resilience in land management systems. This study investigates the success and vigour of cashew seedlings (Anacardium occidentale L.) through direct seed planting, focusing on its potential to support sustainable land management practices. Using a completely randomised design (CRD), the study applied three treatments: seed coat incision (treatment A), seed coat division (treatment B), and no seed coat treatment (treatment C, control), with each treatment repeated three times, involving 270 seeds in total. The results indicate that the control treatment (C), where seeds were planted intact, led to the highest germination success (97.76%), surpassing the other treatments. This method also resulted in better seedling growth, with superior increases in stem diameter (9.83 cm) and leaf production (3.36 leaves). Additionally, seedlings from the control treatment showed enhanced vigour, with an average height increase of 9.83 cm, indicating the benefits of planting seeds in their natural condition. These findings highlight the importance of direct seed planting in maintaining ecological balance and promoting sustainable agriculture practices. The intact-seed approach is recommended for future cashew planting, as it improves seedling growth, contributes to forest conservation, and reduces vulnerability to pest attacks. Thus, it supports long-term ecological resilience in land management systems.
Understanding Generation Z's Ecotourism Motivation and Perception in Central Sulawesi
The emergence of Generation Z, which constitutes the majority of Indonesia's population, has the potential to drive national progress and promote environmental sustainability. This study aims to explore Generation Z's motivations toward ecotourism and examine their perceptions of ecotourism in Central Sulawesi. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing interviews and questionnaires as data collection methods. Respondents consisted of individuals from Generation Z (aged 11–27 years) residing in Central Sulawesi. Likert scale analysis was used to measure the level of motivation and perception among Generation Z regarding ecotourism. The findings reveal that Generation Z's motivation for ecotourism is influenced by both internal and external factors, with internal motivation being slightly more dominant (a difference of 0.23%). Furthermore, the study indicates that Generation Z's perception of ecotourism in Central Sulawesi reflects limited awareness and understanding of conservation values and environmental sustainability. Improvements in facilities and service quality were found to positively influence Generation Z's perception of ecotourism. The study concludes that enhanced development efforts can strengthen both motivation and perception, thereby increasing participation levels and fostering a positive impact on ecotourism.
Effect of Media And Handling of Seed on Growth of Nyamplung (Calopyllum inophylum) Seedling
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media (topsoil dan cocopeat) dan perlakuan pada benih (kontrol, perendaman, peretakan cangkang dan pengupasan cangkang) terhadap pertumbuhan benih nyamplung dari Pulau Talise hingga umur 3 bulan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan parameter pengamatan tinggi, diameter, kekokohan semai, dan indeks mutu bibit. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa karakter pertumbuhan nyamplung dipengaruhi oleh media dan penanganan benih. Media cocopeat akan meningkatkan viabilitas namun menurunkan tingkat pertumbuhan, sehingga diperlukan penyapihan dengan media yang lebih subur saat penyapihan. Penanganan benih dengan pengupasan cangkang memiliki pengaruh paling baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitas bibit. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, pembibitan nyamplung diperlukan bedeng tabur skarifikasi dengan media cocopeat dan perlakuan pengupasan cangkang sebelum di sapih.
Copyright (c) 2014 Jurnal Wasian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Recognition and Analysis of Pest-Induced Damage in Mangrove Ecosystems: A Case Study in Maros Coastal Region
Mangroves in the coastal region of Maros Regency represent a critical ecosystem that plays a vital role in coastal protection, marine habitat provision, and climate change mitigation. However, these mangroves face numerous threats, including pest infestations that can severely damage the ecosystem. This study aims to (1) identify the types of pest attacks and the mangrove species affected in the coastal area of Maros Regency and (2) analyse the level of damage caused by these pest attacks. Using field observation methods, this research provides an in-depth analysis of mangrove damage resulting from pest infestations. The findings reveal several primary types of pest attacks, including leaf suckers, leaf-eating caterpillars, stem borers, and termites. The forms of damage include discoloured leaves, damaged shoots and leaves, open wounds, resin secretion, cracked stems, and broken or dead branches, with the severity ranging from mild to severe, depending on the mangrove species. This data is expected to serve as a foundation for better mangrove management strategies to mitigate pest-induced damage in Maros Regency.
Survival Rate, Growth and Seedling Quality Index of Baringtonia Asiatica Kurz Stump Due to Length Variation of Stems and Roots
There are 14805.14 ha of North Sulawesi coastal ecosystems that has been damaged. Baringtonia asiatica Kurz (Keben) is one type of coastal plants that can be used to protect coastal areas . Unfortunately, the propagation technique of Keben was not widely studied. This study aims to determine the characters of seedlings produced from the stumps of seed germination. The research used Complete Random Design with nine treatments, consisting of combination betwen three levels of root length (0 cm, 5 cm and 10 cm), and three levels of the stems length (5 cm, 15 cm and 30 cm). Parameters for analysis include percent of success, growth and quality index. The results show that root length and stem length factors significantly affect the height and robustness value. Treatment of root length of 10 cm and 5 cm rods allegedly produces the most excellent quality with the survival rates 93%, height 10.3 cm, diameter 1.08 cm, robustness value 2.03 and index of seed quality 1.35. Based on regulation of land rehabilitation, the height of 10 weeks stump have not qualified yet.
Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Wasian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Timber Volume Estimation Model for Merchantable Tree Species in Sarmi Regency, Papua
Precise forest inventory to estimate standing stock is needed in forest management planning. Therefore, it is necessary to have proper and reliable tools in estimating merchantable timber volume. This research was intended to build an accurate model to estimate timber volume for merchantable species in logging concession of PT Wapoga Mutiara Timber, Sarmi Regency. Regression equation between diameter and length did not have a significant correlation (coefficient of determination, R2 = 6.7 %). The best equation to estimate table tree volume based on validation test in logging concession of PT Wapoga Mutiara Timber was Log V = - 3.34 + 2.16 log d.
The Variability of Seed Viability and Seed Vigour of Mindi (Melia azedarachlinn.) from Several Populations in The Community Forest of West Java
The procurement of good quality seeds for the development of mindi (Melia azedarach L.) in the community forest is absolutely necessary. The purpose of this research is to investigate the diversity of the viability and seedling vigor of mindi from different populations with various treatments of dormancy breaking. The sample materials were mindi seeds that were collected from 6 locations (6 seed lots) or seed sources which were located in the community forest of West Java. There are 10 treatments of dormancy breaking that were applied in this study. The experiment design was Randomized Complete Design (RAL). The breaking dormancy was focused to the delignification of hard seed coat. Results showed that the most effective dormancy breaking for mindi seed was soaking in consentrated Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) as long as 30 to 45 minutes. The first count for germination of mindi was on the 16 day and the final count was on the 31 day.The average value of germination percentage (DB) for all seed sources was 40 %, while the highest which is 60% was mindi from Sumedang seed source. The highest value of germination rate that is 6,543%/etmal was seed from Sumedangand seed from Gambung was the lowest (1,400 %/etmal).
The Effect of Three Spacing and Goat Urine Application on Early Growth of Manglid
The productivity of manglid (Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. Ex Pierre) as the prominent plant commodity in West Java, can be improved by environmental manipulation such as spacing and fertilization. The objective of this research is to identify the effect of plant spacing and the use of goat urine as the leaves fertilizer on manglid planting until 19 month old. We used Randomized Block with Split Plot Design using three times replication. Main factor to be considered is the plant spacing with three different space :3 x 3 m (J1) ; 2 x 3 m (J2) and 2 x 2 m (J), while the secondary factor is three different doses of goat urine given : control (P1), 240 ml (P2), and 480 ml(P3. The results showed that the best treatment of planting manglid were treatment spacing of 2 x 2 m with goat urine fertilizer application as much as 240 ml per plant that produces high 191,5 cm and 3.83 cm of diameter up to the age of 19 months.
manglid (Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. Ex Pierre)
Perencanaan Rehabilitasi Hutan Dan Lahan (Rhl) Berbasis Kemampuan Lahan Di Daerah Tangkapan Air (Dta) Danau Tondano
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mengembangkan alternatif rehabilitasi hutan dan lahan (RHL) berdasarkan kemampuan lahan di daerah tangkapan air (DTA) Danau Tondano. Metode evaluasi kemampuan lahan menggunakan pedoman intensitas faktor penghambat yaitu faktor lereng, drainase dan laju infiltrasi dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Sedangkan arahan penggunaan lahan yang ideal pada setiap kemampuan lahan sebagai dasar perencanaan. Hasil analisis spasial diperoleh data luas masing-masing kelas kemampuan lahan sebagai berikut : kelas kemampuan I seluas 2.041,13 ha (11,05 %), lahan kelas II seluas 348,35 ha (1,89 %), lahan kelas III seluas 5.681,27 ha (30,76 %), lahan kelas IV seluas 7.107,37 ha (38,49 %), lahan kelas V seluas 475,23 ha (2,57 %) lahan kelas VI seluas 957,98 ha ( 5,19 %), lahan kelas VII seluas 1.125,2 ha (6,09%) dan lahan kelas VIII seluas 730,58 ha ( 3,96 %). Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi penggunaan lahan menurut kelampuan lahan saat ini maka dikembangkan arahan RHL sebagai berikut : sekitar 85 % wilayah DTA danau Tondano tergolong dalam kelas kemampuan lahan I sampai kelas V, lahan tersebut dikembangkan sebagai lahan pertanian intensif dengan konservasi tanah pengembangan pertanian organik dalam berbagai variasi implementasi. Selanjutnya sekitar 15 % lainnya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai kawasan pertanian terbatas dengan tindakan konservasi tanah berupa penyempurnaan sistem agroforestry, pengembangan agroforestry berbasis tanaman cengkih yang tertata atau pengembangan hutan serbaguna pada kawasan hutan lindung dan hutan produksi dengan tanaman penghasil hasil hutan non kayu (aren, bambu) dan jasa lingkungan.
Community Perceptions and Preferences Toward Tourism Village Development in Kojadoi Village, East Alok Subdistrict, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province
The purpose of this study was to determine the Perceptions and Preferences of the Community towards the Development of Tourism Villages in Kojadoi Village. This research was conducted with descriptive analysis with a percentage analysis approach. Sample determination was carried out using the Slovin formula. The population in this study is the entire community, namely 486 heads of families (KK) and visitors who visit Kojadai Tourism Village, namely 1,184 people. The total number of respondents was 82 local people and 93 visitors, sample details were carried out on visitors, and local people (including Pokdarwis, BUMDES, and community leaders). This research uses a Likert scale, where the Likert scale is used to measure the attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of a person or group of people about social phenomena. The data analysis process begins by reviewing all data obtained both through the results of questionnaires and interviews, then described by using percentage analysis. The results showed that community perceptions of tourism village development were considered quite good with an average scale of 4.08 and tourist preferences for the development of Kojadai tourism village were classified as very good, with a preference level on an average scale of 4.24.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Wasian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Fostering Sustainabel Livelihood of the Saga Indigenous Community through Conservation Partnership in Kelimutu National Park, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Currently, the Kelimutu National Park (KNP) is developing a conservation partnership approach to improve the welfare of local communities while restoring degraded ecosystems. This approach provides access to the community so that it is expected to be able to increase participation and be able to live harmoniously with the KNP environment. Communities around KNP still depend on forests and forest land to find a source of livelihood. Also, partnership schemes can be a solution to overcome tenurial conflicts. This study aims to describe the efforts of conservation partnerships in increasing sustainable livelihood assets , including natural, human, physical, social and financial capital, so that they can be used to measure the success of implementing conservation partnerships. This study uses qualitative methods with in-depth interviews and observation as data collection techniques. The results show conservation partnership in KNP increases natural capital as KNP establishes traditional zones for traditional coffee agroforestry practices, human capital through eco-interpreter training, social capital by strengthening Saga indigenous groups, and financial capital which indirectly increases accessibility and infrastructure needed for rural development. economy and tourism. Nonetheless, further efforts are still needed to increase the effectiveness and success of this conservation partnership program.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Wasian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Planting of Nectar Plants as Feed of Butterflies Imago in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park
Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park is a forest area designated as a conservation area in Sulawesi. The diversity of flora and the presence of unique wildlife supported by the karst ecosystem are the basis for the protection of thia area. Community presure and habitat destruction is the causes of decreasing butterfly populations. Habitat rehabilitation need to be carried out in order to maintain the butterfly population. The understanding of diversity of butterfly species and the selection of protective tree species and animal nests or food are important aspects for sustainableliyty. Most of the types of forage plants are unknown species, so an understanding of planting methods in the field is needed. The research was conducted in observing the diversity of Rhopalocera (butterfly) species as a preliminary research and planting nectar-producing plants as the main research. Research result showed that Nymphalidae family is highest in species diversity index, Nymphalidae and Papilionidae family are highest in richness index, and all famiies are lowin species dominance index and evenness index. Nimphalidae and Papilionidae family is the largest species has been found. Planting nectar plants i.e mali-mali and dao on degraded land with fertilization treatment showed the best results are 600 grams per planting hole for mali-mali and 900 grams per planting hole for dao.
Evaluating the Success of Watershed Rehabilitation Efforts in Gowa Regency: A Case Study on Forest and Land Restoration
The Ministry of Environment and Forestry designates forest and land rehabilitation (RHL) initiatives as a top priority in national policies. Forest and land rehabilitation refers to the deliberate actions taken to restore, preserve, and enhance the functionality of forests and land. Therefore, this study is to assess the viability of cultivating RHL plants. The methodology employed is the observation approach, which entails gathering data firsthand at the specific site. Plant area measurements are conducted on the physical planting area, quantified in hectares, and then compared to the intended plant area as specified in the design. Plant evaluation and assessment is conducted using the Systematic Sampling with Random Start approach, which involves randomly selecting the first measurement plot and then systematically selecting successive measuring plots. The sampling utilised a 5% interval. Rectangular measurement plots are formed with dimensions of 40 meters by 25 meters, resulting in an area of 0.1 hectares. The number of measuring plots can be determined by multiplying the percentage of interest (5%) by the plot area (in hectares) and then dividing by the area of each measuring plot (in hectares). This calculation results in a total of 43 measuring plots. The research findings indicate that the success rate of plant development varies between 76.33% and 77.17%, with an average value of 76.62%.