Study of Light Intensity in Riparian Zone of Teak Production Forest in KHDTK Cemoro Modang
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
摘要
Vegetation is one of the factors that influence the protection function of the riparian zone. Riparian vegetation in teak production forests is dominated by teak plantation with low species diversity. Rehabilitation is needed to increase the role of vegetation in protecting riparian zone. Data and information of light intensity is required to support the success of rehabilitation. Light intensity is a significant factor for photosynthesis which impacts on the survival, growth and adaptation of a vegetation. The varying light intensity in the riparian zone due to diverse land cover becomes a challenge in rehabilitating this area. This study aims to identify light intensity in riparian zone of Modang River and Cemoro River in the teak production forest. Recognizing light characteristics will help in species selection to rehabilitate this area. Primary and secondary data were used in this study. Direct measurement of light intensity was carried out along riparian zone of the Modang and Cemoro Rivers by systematic sampling. A sampling plot measuring 20 x 20 meter was used as the location of the sampling point with a total of 36 plots. Climate data are obtained from field observations through the nearest climatology station. The results showed that different canopy cover causing light intensity of Modang and Cemoro rivers varies. Canopy cover in this area can be divided into canopy cover of teak forest of various ages (production plants), johar (previous rehabilitation plants), and logged-over areas. The selection of tolerant and intolerant trees is important to use as consideration for rehabilitation, in addition to other silvicultural and socio-economic considerations of the local community.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-nc4.footer##Copyright and License
All articles published in Wasian Journal are the property of the authors. By submitting an article to Wasian Journal, authors agree to the following terms:
-
Copyright Ownership: The author(s) retain copyright and full publishing rights without restrictions. Authors grant the journal the right to publish the work first and to distribute it as open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
-
Licensing: Articles published in Wasian Journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows others to share, copy, and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided that proper credit is given to the original author(s) and the source of the material
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. -
Author's Rights: Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and greater citation of published work.
-
Third-Party Content: If your article contains material (e.g., images, tables, or figures) for which you do not hold copyright, you must obtain permission from the copyright holder to use the material in your article. This permission must include the right for you to grant the journal the rights described above.
-
Reprints and Distribution: Authors have the right to distribute the final published version of their work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), provided that the original publication in Wasian Journal is acknowledged.
For the reader you are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rightsmay limit how you use the material.
Agouridis, C. T., Wightman, S. J., Barton, C. D., & Gumbert, A. A. (2010). Planting a riparian buffer. Lexington: University of Kentucky College of Agriculture.
Alemu, T., Weyuma, T., Alemayehu, E., & Ambelu, A. (2017). Identifying riparian vegetation as indicator of stream water quality in the Gilgel Cibe catchment, southwestern Ethiopia. Ecohydrology, 11(1), 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1915
Bachtiar, B., & Ahmad, A. H. (2019). Analisis kandungan hara kompos johar (Cassia siamea) dengan penambahan aktivator promi. Jurnal Biologi Makassar, 4(1), 68-76.
Buajan, S., Jinfu, L., Zhongsheng, H., Xueping, F., & Muhammad, A. (2017). The effect of light on micro-environment and specific leaf area within the gap, subtropical forest, China. Pak. J. Bot., 49(1), 273-282.
Casatti, L., Teresa, F. B., Goncalves-Souza, T., Bessa, E., Manzotti, A. R., Goncalves, C. d. S., & Zeni, J. d. O. (2012). From forests to cattail: how does the riparian zone influence stream fish? Neotropical Ichthyology, 10(1), 205-214.
Chua, E. M., Wilson, S. P., Vink, S., & Flint, N. (2019). The influence of riparian vegetation on water quality in a mixed land use river basin. River Research & Applications, 35(3), 259-267. doi: 10.1002/rra.3410
Clatterbuck, W. K. (2005) Shade and flood tolerance of trees. SPP 656: Department of Agriculture, Division of Forestry, University of Tennessee.
Fajri, M., & Ngatiman. (2017). Studi iklim mikro dan topografi pada habitat Parashorea malaanonan Merr. Jurnal Penelitian Ekosistem Dipterokarpa, 3(1), 1-12.
Fernandes, M. R., Aguiar, F. C., & Ferreira, M. T. (2011). Assessing riparian vegetation structure and the influence of land use using landscape metrics and geostatistical tools. Landscape and Urban Planning, 99, 166-177.
Irawan, A., & Hidayah, H. N. (2017). Pengaruh naungan terhadap pertumbuhan dan mutu bibit cempaka Wasian (Magnolia tsiampaca (Miq.) Dandy) di persemaian. Jurnal Wasian, 4(1), 11-16.
Junior, T. R. A., Rasera, K., Parron, L. M., Brito, A. G., & Ferreira, M. T. (2015). Nutrient removal effectiveness by riparian buffer zones in ruraltemperate watersheds: The impact of no-till crops practices. Agricultural Water Management, 149, 74-80.
Kontsiotis, V., Bakaloudis, D., Zaimes, G. N., Kiourtziadis, P., & Tsiftsis, S. (2019). Assessing the influence of riparian vegetation structure on bird communities in agricultural Mediterranean landscapes. Agroforestry Systems, 93(2), 675-687.
Krzeminska, D., Kerkhof, T., Skaalsveen, K., & Stolte, J. (2019). Effect of riparian vegetation on stream bank stability in small agricultural catchments. Catena, 172, 87-96.
Li, Q., & Kubota, C. (2009). Effects of supplemental light quality on growth and phytochemicals of baby leaf lettuce. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 67(1), 59-64.
Lu, D., Wang, G. G., Yu, L., Zhang, T., & Zhu, J. (2018). Seedling survival within forest gaps: the effects of gap size, within-gap position and forest type on species of contrasting shade tolerance in Northeast China. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 91(4), 470-479. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpy007
Macfarlane, W. W., Gilbert, J. T., Jensen, M. L., Gilbert, J. D., Hough-Snee, N., McHugh, P. A., Wheaton, J. M., & Bennet, S. N. (2017). Riparian vegetation as an indicator of riparian condition: Detecting departures from historic condition across the North American West. Journal of Environmental Management, 202(2), 447-460. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.054
Maryono, A. (2015). Restorasi sungai. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Moon, J., Jung, Y., Lee, T., Kim, T.-C., Rho, P., Shin, Y. C., Ryu, J., & Lim, K. J. (2013). Determining the effective width of riparian buffers in Korean watersheds using the SWAT model. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 12(11), 2249-2260.
Muscolo, A., Sidari, M., Bagnato, S., & Mercurio, R. (2014). A review of the roles of forest canopy gaps. Journal of Forestry Research, 25(4), 725-736. doi: 10.1007/s11676-014-0521-7
Nugroho, A. W., & Riyanto, H. D. (2018). Riparian vegetation in production forest at Cemoro-Modang river, Cepu, Central Java. Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea, 7(2), 119-129.
Republik Indonesia. (2011). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 38 Tahun 2011 tentang Sungai. Jakarta: Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia.
Sapkota, I. P., & Oden, P. C. (2009). Gap characteristics and their effects on regeneration, dominance and early growth of woody species. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2(1), 21-29.
She-ni, D., Gang-shuan, B., & Yin-li, L. (2011). Effects of soil moisture content and light intensity on the plant growth and leaf physiological characteristics of squash. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22(4), 1101-1106.
Sukendro, A., & Sugiarto, E. (2012). Respon pertumbuhan anakan Shorea leprosula Miq, Shorea mecistopteryx Ridley, Shorea ovalis (Korth) Blume dan Shorea selanica (DC) Blume terhadap tingkat intensitas cahaya matahari. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 3(1), 22-27.
Swanson, S., Kozlowski, D., Hall, R., Heggem, D., & Lin, J. (2017). Riparian proper functioning condition assessment to improve watershed management for water quality. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 72(2), 168-182. doi: 10.2489/jswc.72.2.168
Tanaka, K., Tanaka, N., Matsuo, N., Tantasirin, C., & Suzuki, M. (2017). Impacts of irrigation on the deciduous period of teak (Tectona grandis) in a monsoonal climate. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 47(9), 1193-1201.
The Forest Trust. (2018). Pengelolaan kawasan perlindungan setempat. Semarang.
Tiecher, T., Caner, L., Minella, J. P. G., Pellegrini, A., Capoane, V., Rasche, J. W. A., Schaefer, G. L., & Rheinheimer, D. d. S. (2017). Tracing sediment sources in two paired agricultural catchments with different riparian forest and wetland proportion in southern Brazil. Geoderma, 285, 225-239.
Wondzell, S. M., Diabat, M., & Haggerty, R. (2019). What matters most: Are future stream temperatures more sensitive to changing air temperatures, discharge, or riparian vegetation? Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 55(1), 116-132.
Yirigui, Y., Lee, S.-W., Nejadhashemi, A. P., Herman, M. R., & Lee, J.-W. (2019). Relationships between riparian forest fragmentation and biological indicators of streams. Sustainability, 11, 1-24.
Yuliantoro, D., Atmoko, B. D., & Siswo. (2016). Pohon sahabat air. Surakarta: Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai.
Zervoudakis, G., Salahas, G., Kaspiris, G., & Konstantopoulou, E. (2012). Influence of light intensity on growth and physiological characteristics of common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Braz. arch. biol. technol. , 55(1). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132012000100011
